The Importance of HRM in Creating Employee Innovativeness - The Mediating Role of Person-Organisation/Job Fit and Job Characteristics

Autor

  • Agnieszka Wojtczuk-Turek Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie, Katedra Rozwoju Kapitału Ludzkiego

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15678/ZNUEK.2014.0933.0902

Słowa kluczowe:

HRM, innowacyjność, dopasowanie człowiek-organizacja, dopasowanie człowiek-praca, charakterystyka pracy

Abstrakt

Tytuł artykułu: Rola praktyk HRM w kreowaniu innowacyjności pracowników - pośrednicząca rola dopasowania człowiek-organizacja/praca i charakterystyka pracy

Celem artykułu jest opis i wyjaśnienie związków pomiędzy działaniami z obszaru zarządzania zasobami ludzkimi (HRM) a podejmowaniem przez pracowników zachowań innowacyjnych. W propozycji modelu wyjaśniającego wpływ HRM na aktywność twórczą w miejscu pracy wykorzystano konstrukt „dopasowanie człowiek-organizacja" jako mediator tej relacji. W analizie uwzględniono także zmienną korespondującą z dopasowaniem do pracy, określoną jako „charakterystyka pracy".
Badania potwierdziły istotne statystycznie związki pomiędzy zachowaniami innowacyjnymi a wszystkimi badanymi zmiennymi: działaniami z zakresu HRM, dopasowaniem do pracy i organizacji oraz charakterystyką pracy. Na podstawie przeprowadzonej analizy z wykorzystaniem modelowania strukturalnego można stwierdzić wpływ na zachowania innowacyjne następujących czynników: 1) praktyk HRM (wpływ pośredni - poprzez dopasowanie człowiek-organizacja) oraz 2) dopasowania i charakterystyki pracy (wpływ bezpośredni). Jednocześnie model wyjaśnia zidentyfikowany bezpośredni wpływ HRM na dopasowanie człowiek-organizacja i charakterystykę pracy.
Badania ukazały, że konstrukt dopasowanie człowiek-organizacja jako zmienna wyjaśniająca efektywność innowacyjną jednostki w miejscu pracy stanowi użyteczną perspektywę nie tylko dla zrozumienia czynników determinujących występowanie w organizacji aktywności innowacyjnej, ale także dla stymulowania zachowań twórczych poprzez działania w obszarze HRM. Działania z zakresu HRM odgrywają bowiem istotną rolę zarówno w dopasowywaniu kompetencji do wymogów stanowiska pracy, jak i w budowaniu postaw sprzyjających zaangażowaniu innowacyjnemu pracowników.
Prezentowany w modelu badawczym zestaw zmiennych pozwala wyjaśnić znaczenie wybranych determinant zachowań kluczowych z perspektywy efektywności i konkurencyjności firmy na rynku. Badania koncentrują się bowiem na aspektach podmiotowych zachowań innowacyjnych (zasoby do wykonywania zadań twórczych), jak również organizacyjnych (dopasowanie do pracy i organizacji), włączając w zakres analiz rolę strategiczną działu HR.

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