Consumers’ Knowledge and Decisions about Choosing Organic Sunscreen Products
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15678/ZNUEK.2023.1002.0405Słowa kluczowe:
organic sunscreen products, self-assessment of consumer knowledge, purchasing decisions, public awarenessAbstrakt
Objective: The aim of the survey was to assess respondents’ knowledge about organic sunscreen products and to learn about differences in self-assessed levels of knowledge between those who choose and do not choose organic sunscreen products.
Research Design & Methods: The survey was conducted using a structured, close-ended survey questionnaire, via an electronic form using the CAWI technique, and with a printed questionnaire. The survey collected the responses of 1,263 Polish consumers.
Findings: The results show that both objective and subjective knowledge about organic sunscreen products is low. Identifying this category of products is difficult and knowledge about the UV filters used is low.
Implications / Recommendations: An effort should be made to widen consumer knowledge about organic sunscreen products. Greater public awareness of organic sunscreen products, better knowledge of credible labels and the health and environmental benefits of their use could help consumers improve their purchasing decisions and lead them to choose this product category.
Contribution: The results are an important guideline for marketing management, the information obtained will help guide the marketing activities of sunscreen product manufacturers.
Downloads
Bibliografia
Bamberg S., Möser G. (2007), Twenty Years after Hines, Hungerford, and Tomera: A New Meta-analysis of Psycho-social Determinants of Pro-environmental Behaviour, “Journal of Environmental Psychology”, vol. 27(1), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2006.12.002.
Brucks M. (1985), The Effects of Product Class Knowledge on Information Search Behaviour, “Journal of Consumer Research”, vol. 12(1), https://doi.org/10.1086/209031.
Chao L. X., Sheu S. L., Kong B. Y., Rademaker A. W., Kundu R. V. (2017), Identifying Gaps in Consumer Knowledge about Sunscreen, “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology”, vol. 77(6), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2017.06.151.
Commission Decision (EU) 2021/1870 of 22 October 2021 establishing the EU Ecolabel criteria for cosmetic products and animal care products (notified under document C(2021) 7500).
Commission Recommendation of 22 September 2006 on the efficacy of sunscreen products and the claims made relating thereto (notified under document number C(2006) 4089).
Commission Regulation (EU) No 655/2013 of 10 July 2013 laying down common criteria for the justification of claims used in relation to cosmetic products.
COSMOS-standard, Version 3.1 – 1 June (2020), COSMOS-standard AISBL, Brussels, https://media.cosmos-standard.org/filer_public/30/ea/30ea5944-cf28-44ab-bec6-f4f7ca6c74f1/cosmos-standard_v31.pdf (accessed: 20.07.2022).
Cosper A. (2018), Understanding COSMOS – the COSMetics Organic and Natural Standard, Desjardin, 25 January, https://www.desjardin.fr/en/blog/understanding-cosmos-the-cosmetics-organic-and-natural-standard (accessed: 20.07.2022).
Engler-Jastrzębska M., Wilczyńska A. (2021a), Knowledge of the Markings and Marketing Declarations for Sun Protection Products, “International Journal of Marketing, Communication and New Media”, no. 9.
Engler-Jastrzębska M., Wilczyńska A. (2021b), Natural Sunscreen Products – a New Quality on the Cosmetics Market (in:) Current Trends in Quality Science: Design, Quality and Safety of Products, ed. I. Klimczak, Institute of Quality Science, Poznań University of Economics & Business, Łukasiewicz – Instytut Technologii Eksploatacji, Wydawnictwo Naukowe, Poznań–Radom.
Feick L., Park C. W., Mothersbaugh D. L. (1992), Knowledge and Knowledge of Knowledge: What We Know, What We Think We Know and Why the Difference Makes a Difference, “Advances in Consumer Research”, vol. 19.
Freitas Netto S. V. de, Sobral M. F. F., Ribeiro A. R. B., Luz Soares G. R. da (2020), Concepts and Forms of Greenwashing: A Systematic Review, “Environmental Sciences Europe”, vol. 32, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12302-020-0300-3.
Green A. C., Williams G. M., Logan V., Strutton G. M. (2011), Reduced Melanoma after Regular Sunscreen Use: Randomized Trial Follow-up, “Journal of Clinical Oncology”, vol. 29(3), https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2010.28.7078.
House L., Lusk J., Bruce Traill W., Moore M., Valli C., Morrow B., Yee W. (2004), Objective and Subjective Knowledge: Impacts on Consumer Demand for Genetically Modified Foods in the United States and the European Union, “AgBioForum”, vol. 7(3).
Hughes M. C., Williams G. M., Baker P., Green A. C. (2013), Sunscreen and Prevention of Skin Aging: A Randomized Trial, “Annals of Internal Medicine”, vol. 158(11), https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-158-11-201306040-00002.
ISO 16128-1:2016, Guidelines on Technical Definitions and Criteria for Natural and Organic Cosmetics Ingredients and Products – Part 1: Definitions for Ingredients, Geneva, Switzerland.
ISO 16128-2:2017, Guidelines on Technical Definitions and Criteria for Natural and Organic Cosmetic Ingredients – Part 2: Criteria for Ingredients and Products, Geneva, Switzerland.
Jansen R., Osterwalder U., Wang S. Q., Burnett M., Lim H. W. (2013), Photoprotection: Part II. Sunscreen: Development, Efficacy, and Controversies, “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology”, vol. 69(6), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2013.08.022.
Klimczyk-Bryk M. (2000), Ecological Trends and Consumers’ Behaviour, “Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Ekonomicznej w Krakowie”, no. 540.
Kong B. Y., Sheu S. L., Kundu R. V. (2015), Assessment of Consumer Knowledge of New Sunscreen Labels, “JAMA Dermatology”, vol. 151(9), https://doi.org/10.1001/jamadermatol.2015.1253.
Lee A., Garbutcheon-Singh K. B., Dixit S., Brown P., Smith S. D. (2015), The Influence of Age and Gender in Knowledge, Behaviors and Attitudes towards Sun Protection: A Cross-sectional Survey of Australian Outpatient Clinic Attendees, “American Journal of Clinical Dermatology”, vol. 16(1), https://doi.org/10.1007/s40257-014-0106-4.
Mancuso J. B., Maruthi R., Wang S. Q., Lim H. W. (2017), Sunscreens: An Update, “American Journal of Clinical Dermatology”, vol. 18(5), https://doi.org/10.1007/s40257-017-0290-0.
Nagarajan M., Saha R., Kumar R., Sathasivam D. (2022), Impact of Peer Influence and Environmental Knowledge on Green Consumption: Moderated by Price Premium, “International Journal of Social Ecology and Sustainable Development (IJSESD)”, vol. 13(6), http://doi.org/10.4018/IJSESD.292039.
NATRUE Criteria Version 3.9 (2021), NATRUE Label Criteria: Requirements to Be Met by Natural and Organic Cosmetics, The International Natural and Organic Cosmetics Association, Brussels, https://natrue.org/uploads/2023/12/EN-NATRUE-Label_Requirements_v3.9-final-version.pdf (accessed: 24.07.2022).
Park C. W., Lessig V. P. (1981), Familiarity and Its Impact on Consumer Decision Biases and Heuristics, “Journal of Consumer Research”, vol. 8(2), https://doi.org/10.1086/208859.
Pienczykowska A. (2021), Raport. Rynek kosmetyków naturalnych, BASF, https://www.basf.com/pl/documents/pl/Press/News%20pdf/2021/Kosmetyki%20naturalne%20-%20trendy%20-%20dane%20-%20webinar.pdf (accessed: 8.08.2022).
Polish Centre for Testing and Certification (2021), Kosmetyki. Środki pielęgnacyjne dla zwierząt, https://www.pcbc.gov.pl/pl/uslugi/certyfikacja-wyrobow/kosmetyki (accessed: 8.08.2022).
Pols J. C. van der, Williams G. M., Pandeya N., Logan V., Green A. C. (2006), Prolonged Prevention of Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Skin by Regular Sunscreen Use, “Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention”, vol. 15(12), https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-06-0352.
Raport GfK: Polacy coraz chętniej sięgają po eko-kosmetyki. Wartość rynku wynosi blisko 200 mln zł (2020), Forsal.pl, 20 października, https://forsal.pl/lifestyle/luksus/artykuly/7837661,rynek-ekologicznych-kosmetykow-w-polsce-to-niemal-200-mln-zl-gfk-polonia.html (accessed: 24.07.2022).
Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 – Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH).
Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 30 November 2009 on cosmetic products.
Regulation (EC) No 66/2010 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 November 2009 on the EU Ecolabel.
Report Global Natural and Organic Cosmetics Market – Analysis by Product Category, Distribution Channel, by Region, by Country (2022 Edition): Market Insights and Forecast with Impact of COVID-19 (2022–2027) (2022), Azoth Analytics, https://www.researchandmarkets.com/reports/5574841/global-natural-and-organic-cosmetics-market#rela0-5514973 (accessed: 8.08.2022).
Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety SCCS/1516/13. Opinion on Titanium Dioxide (nano form). COLIPA n° S75, https://ec.europa.eu/health/scientific_committees/consumer_safety/docs/sccs_o_136.pdf (accessed: 24.07.2022).
Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety SCCS/1489/12. Opinion on Zinc oxide (nano form). COLIPA S 76, https://ec.europa.eu/health/scientific_committees/consumer_safety/docs/sccs_o_103.pdf (accessed: 24.07.2022).
Selnes F., Grønhaug K. (1986), Subjective and Objective Measures of Product Knowledge Contrasted, “Advances in Consumer Research”, vol. 13.
Statista Research Department (2022), Natural and Organic Cosmetics in the U.S. – Statistics & Facts, https://www.statista.com/topics/4501/natural-and-organic-cosmetics-in-the-us/#topicHeader__wrapper (accessed: 8.08.2022).
Stępniak H., Zalewska A. (2021), Certyfikacja – kosmetyki naturalne, a kosmetyki ekologiczne, “Świat Przemysłu Kosmetycznego”, no. 2.
Wahie S., Lloyd J. J., Farr P. M. (2007), Sunscreen Ingredients and Labelling: A Survey of Products Available in the UK, “Clinical and Experimental Dermatology”, vol. 32(4), https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2230.2007.02404.x.
Wang S. Q., Dusza S. W. (2009), Assessment of Sunscreen Knowledge: A Pilot Survey, “British Journal of Dermatology”, vol. 161(3), https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2009.09446.x.
Witek L. (2015), Zachowania konsumentów na rynku produktów ekologicznych w Polsce i innych krajach Unii Europejskiej, “Handel Wewnętrzny”, no. 1(354).
Yang E. J., Beck K. M., Maarouf M., Shi V. Y. (2018), Truths and Myths in Sunscreen Labeling, “Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology”, vol.17(6), https://doi.org/10.1111/jocd.12743.
Pobrania
Opublikowane
Numer
Dział
Licencja
Prawa autorskie (c) 2023 Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Krakowie / Cracow Review of Economics and Management
Utwór dostępny jest na licencji Creative Commons Uznanie autorstwa 4.0 Międzynarodowe.
