Research on the Psychological Contract: A Systematic Literature Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15678/ZNUEK.2022.0998.0407Keywords:
psychological contract, public organisations, public sector, systematical literature reviewAbstract
Objective: The “psychological contract” used in the public sector is a relatively new research problem. The purpose of this article is to identify research trends and future directions for psychological contract research in the public sector.
Research Design & Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted of 35 full-text peer-
-reviewed research articles retrieved from Ebsco, Emelard, Proquest, Scopus, and Web of Science databases.
Findings: The state of knowledge and directions for future research on psychological contracting in the public sector were identified using the analysis of the 35 articles.
Implications / Recommendations: Past research on the psychological contract has focused on organisational commitment, organisational identification, trait- and assessment-oriented measurement of organisations, the dichotomous nature of the psychological contract, the psychological contract as a multifocal construct, the fact that the content of the psychological contract varies across cultures and societies, and the psychological contract versus affective organisational commitment. Future research could focus on examining the effects of the contract on the five major personality traits, the psychological contract in firefighting units, examining the effects of the psychological contracts on organisational identification, or understanding identification and de-identification with the organisation. This may prove useful for managers trying to predict whether employees will be willing to organise.
Contribution: An analysis is the first of its kind of the available literature related to the psychological contract in public organisations.
Downloads
References
Adamska K. (2011), Kontrakt psychologiczny w organizacji – Kwestionariusz Kontraktu Psychologicznego, „Psychologia Społeczna”, vol. 63(18).
Al-Abrrow H., Alnoor A., Ismail E., Eneizan B., Makhamreh H.Z. (2019), Psychological Contract and Organizational Misbehavior: Exploring the Moderating and Mediating Effects of Organizational Health and Psychological Contract Breach in Iraqi Oil Tanks Company, „Cogent Business & Management”, vol. 6(1), https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2019.1683123.
Alcover C.-M., Rico R., Turnley W.H., Bolino M.C. (2017), Understanding the Changing Nature of Psychological Contracts in 21st Century Organizations: A Multiple-Foci Exchange Relationships Approach and Proposed Framework, „Organizational Psychology Review”, vol. 7(1), https://doi.org/10.1177/2041386616628333.
Anggraeni A.I., Dwiatmadja Ch., Yuniawan A. (2017), The Role of Psychological Contract on Employee Commitment and Organisational Citizenship Behaviour: A Study of Indonesian Young Entrepreneurs in Management Action, „Journal of Industrial Psychology”, vol. 43(1), https://doi.org/10.4102/sajip.v43i0.1409.
Argyris C. (1961), Understanding Organizational Behavior, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Armstrong M. (2006), A Handbook of Human Resource Management Practice, Kogan Page Publishing, London.
Blau P. (2006), Exchange and Power in Social Life, Wiley, New York, przedruk z 1986 r.
Bobińska B. (2012), Funkcjonowanie sektora publicznego jako organizacji „otwartych na klienta”, „Zeszyty Naukowe ZPSB Firma i Rynek”, Uniwersytet Szczeciński, nr 1.
Bordia P., Restubog S.D., Bordia S., Tang R.L. (2010), Breach Begets Breach: Trickle-Down Effects of Psychological Contract Breach on Customer Service, „Journal of Management”, vol. 36(6), https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206310378366.
Brunetto Y., Xerri M., Trinchero E., Beattie R., Shacklock K., Farr-Wharton R., Borgonovi E. (2018), Comparing the Impact of Management on Public and Private Sector Nurses in the UK, Italy and Australia, „Public Management Review”, vol. 20(4), https://doi.org/10.1080/14719037.2017.1309100.
Bunderson J.S. (2001), How Work Ideologies Shape the Psychological Contracts of Professional Employees: Doctors’ Responses to Perceived Breach, „Journal of Organizational Behavior”, vol. 22(7), https://doi.org/10.1002/job.112.
Casado R., Caspersz D. (2019), Changing Psychological Contracts and Organisational Commitment: A Longitudinal Comparison of Assigned and Self-Initiated Expatriates in Australia, „The International Journal of Human Resource Management”, vol. 32(18), https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2019.1660701.
Conway N., Coyle-Shapiro J.A.-M. (2012), The Reciprocal Relationship Between Psychological Contract Fulfilment and Employee Performance and the Moderating Role of Perceived Organizational Support and Tenure, „Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology”, vol. 85(2), https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8325.2011.02033.x.
Costa P.T., McCrae R.R. (1992), The Five-Factor Model of Personality and Its Relevance to Personality Disorders, „Journal of Personality Disorders”, vol. 6(4), https://doi.org/10.1521/pedi.1992.6.4.343.
Coyle-Shapiro J.A.-M., Costa S.P., Doden W., Chang C. (2019), Psychological Contracts: Past, Present, and Future, „Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior”, vol. 6(1), https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-012218-015212.
Coyle-Shapiro J.A.-M., Kessler I. (1998), The Psychological Contract in the UK Public Sector: Employer and Employee Obligations and Contract Fulfilment, „Academy of Management Proceedings”, nr 1, https://doi.org/10.5465/apbpp.1998.27658592.
Coyle-Shapiro J.A.-M., Kessler I. (2003), The Employment Relationship in the U.K. Public Sector: A Psychological Contract Perspective, „Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory”, vol. 13(2), https://doi.org/10.1093/jopart/mug018.
Czakon W. (2011), Metodyka systematycznego przeglądu literatury, „Przegląd Organizacji”, nr 3, https://doi.org/10.33141/po.2011.03.13.
Davis J., Mengersen K., Bennett S., Mazerolle L. (2014), Viewing Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis in Social Research through Different Lenses, „SpringerPlus”, vol. 3(1), https://doi.org/10.1186/2193-1801-3-511.
DelCampo R. (2007), Psychological Contract Violations: An Individual Difference Perspective, „International Journal of Management”, vol. 24(1).
Dhanpat N., Nemarumane L., Ngobeni N.P., Nkabinde D., Noko S. (2019), Psychological Contract and Job Security among Call Centre Agents: Preliminary Evidence, „Journal of Psychology in Africa”, vol. 29(1), https://doi.org/10.1080/14330237.2019.1568062.
Duran F., Woodhams J., Bishopp D. (2018), An Interview Study of the Experiences of Firefighters in Regard to Psychological Contract and Stressors, „Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal”, 30(3), https://doi.org/10.1007/s10672-018-9314-z.
George Ch. (2009), The Psychological Contract. Managing and Developing Professional Groups, Open University Press, Glasgow.
Gołaszewska-Kaczan U. (2017), Specyfika kontraktu psychologicznego w firmach rodzinnych, „Przedsiębiorczość i Zarządzanie”, t. 18, z. 6, cz. 1.
Guest D. (2004), Flexible Employment Contracts, the Psychological Contract and Employee Outcomes: An Analysis and Review of the Evidence, „International Journal of Management Reviews”, vol. 5/6(1), https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-8545.2004.00094.x.
Guest D., Conway N. (1998), Fairness at Work and the Psychological Contract, CIPD, London.
Hassan Z., Abdul-Rahman A., Basit A. (2017), The Impact of Psychological Contract on Organisational Commitment: A Study on Public Sector of Maldives, „Journal of Human Resource Management”, vol. 2(10), https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3056216.
Heery E., Noon M. (2001), A Dictionary of Human Resource Management, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Herriot P., Pemberton C. (1995), New Deals: The Revolution in Managerial Careers, Jonh Wiley, Chichester–New York.
Hoye R., Kappelides P. (2020), The Psychological Contract and Volunteering: A Systematic Review, „Nonprofit Management and Leadership”, vol. 31(4), https://doi.org/10.1002/nml.21446.
Kappelides P., Jones S.K. (2019), Ideological Components of Psychological Contracts: Future Directions for Volunteer and Employment Research (w:) Handbook of Research on the Psychological Contract at Work, red. C. Cooper, Y. Griep, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham.
Kożusznik B. (2014), Zachowania człowieka w organizacji, Polskie Wydawnictwo Ekonomiczne, Warszawa.
Levinson H., Price C.R., Munden K.J., Mandl H.J., Solley C.M. (1962), Men, Management and Mental Health, Harvard University Press, Cambride.
Levy Y., Ellis T.J. (2006), A Systems Approach to Conduct an Effective Literature Review in Support of Information Systems Research, „Informing Science Journal”, vol. 9, https://doi.org/10.28945/479.
Ludwiczyński A., Szmidt C. (2017), Różnorodność kontraktów psychologicznych i ich uwarunkowania, „Edukacja Ekonomistów i Menedżerów”, vol. 45(3), https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.6279.
Matysiak A. (2010), Zakres przedmiotowy sektora publicznego w gospodarce rynkowej (w:) Zarys ekonomii sektora publicznego, red. M. Brol, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu, Wrocław.
Moher D., Liberati A., Tetzlaff J., Altman D.G., The PRISMA Group (2009), Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: The PRISMA Statement, „PLOS Medicine”, vol. 6(7), https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1000097.
Mutendi M., Braine R.D., Dhanpat N. (2019), Psychological Contract Influence on Organisational Identification Among Call Centre Employees, „Journal of Psychology in Africa”, vol. 29(4), https://doi.org/10.1080/14330237.2019.1647490.
Naidoo V., Abarantyne I., Rugimbana R. (2019), The Impact of Psychological Contracts on Employee Engagement at a University of Technology, „SA Journal of Human Resource Management”, vol. 17, https://doi.org/10.4102/sajhrm.v17i0.1039.
O’Donnell M., Shields J. (2002), Performance Management and the Psychological Contract in the Australian Federal Public Sector, „Journal of Industrial Relations”, vol. 44(3), https://doi.org/10.1111/1472-9296.00058.
Patrick H.A. (2008), Psychological Contract and Employment Relationship, „The Icfai University Journal of Organizational Behavior”, vol. 7(4).
Ratajczak Z. (2007), Psychologia pracy i organizacji, Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, Warszawa.
Restubog S.L.D., Bordia P., Tang R.L. (2006), Effects of Psychological Contract Breach on Performance of IT Employees: The Mediating Role of Affective Commitment, „Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology”, vol. 79(2), https://doi.org/10.1348/096317905x53183.
Robinson S.L., Kraatz M.S., Rousseau D.M. (1994), Changing Obligations and the Psychological Contract: A Longitudinal Study, „Academy of Management Journal”, vol. 37(1), https://doi.org/10.5465/256773.
Rogozińska-Pawełczyk A. (2011), Od relacyjnego do transakcyjnego kontraktu psychologicznego – zmieniający się paradygmat, „Zarządzanie Zasobami Ludzkimi”, nr 3–4.
Rousseau D.M. (1989), Psychological and Implicit Contracts in Organizations, „Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal”, vol. 2(2), https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01384942.
Rousseau D.M. (1990), New Hire Perception of their Own and their Employer’s Obligations. A Study of Psychological Contracts, „Journal of Organizational Behaviour”, vol. 11(5), https://doi.org/10.1002/job.4030110506.
Rousseau D.M. (1995), Psychological Contracts in Organizations: Understanding Written and Unwritten Agreements, Sage Publications, London.
Rousseau D.M. (2000), Psychological Contract Inventory Technical Report, Heinz School of Public Policy and Graduate School of Industrial Administration, Carnegie Mellon University, https://www.andrew.cmu.edu/user/rousseau/O_reports/PCI.pdf (data dostępu: maj 2022).
Schalk R., Soeters J.M.M.L. (2008), Psychological Contracts Across the World. Cultural Agreements and Disagreements (w:) Handbook of Cross-Cultural Management Research, Sage, Thousand Oaks.
Schein E. (1965), Organizational Psychology, Englewood Cliffs, Prentice Hall, New Jersey.
Sekaran U., Bougie R. (2010), Research Methods for Business: A Skill-Building Approach, John Wiley & Sons, Haddington.
Sels L., Janssens M., Van Den Brande I. (2004), Assessing the Nature of Psychological Contracts: A Validation of Six Dimensions, „Journal of Organizational Behavior”, vol. 25(4), https://doi.org/10.1002/job.250.
Spindler G.S. (1994), Psychological Contracts in the Workplace: A Lawyer’s View, „Human Resource Management”, vol. 33(3), https://doi.org/10.1002/hrm.3930330303.
Tekleab A.G., Laulié L., De Vos A., De Jong J.P., Coyle-Shapiro J.A.-M. (2020), Contextualizing Psychological Contracts Research: A Multi-Sample Study of Shared Individual Psychological Contract Fulfilment, „European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology”, vol. 29(2), https://doi.org/10.1080/1359432x.2019.1608294.
Tranfield D., Denyer D., Smart P. (2003), Towards a Methodology for Developing Evidence-Informed Management Knowledge by Means of Systematic Review, „British Journal of Management”, vol. 14(3), https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8551.00375.
Turnley W.H., Feldman D.C. (1999), The Impact of Psychological Contract Violations on Exit, Loyalty and Neglect, „Human Relations”, vol. 52(7), https://doi.org/10.1177/001872679905200703.
Wołowska A. (2013), Przywiązanie do organizacji a kontrakt psychologiczny, Wydawnictwo Naukowe UMK, Toruń.
Zagenczyk T.J., Gibney R., Few W.T., Scott K.L. (2011), Psychological Contracts and Organizational Identification: The Mediating Effect of Perceived Organizational Support, „Journal of Labor Research”, vol. 32(3), https://doi.org/10.1007/s12122-011-9111-z.
Zhou J., Plaisent M., Zheng L., Bernard P. (2014), Psychological Contract, Organizational Commitment and Work Satisfaction: Survey of Researchers in Chinese State-Owned Engineering Research Institutions, „Open Journal of Social Sciences”, vol. 2(9), https://doi.org/10.4236/jss.2014.29037.
