Ageing as a Challenge for Cities in the 21st Century – Gauging the Image of Cracow as an Age-friendly City
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15678/ZNUEK.2014.0931.0706Keywords:
age-friendly city, elderly citizens, image of the city, ageing, hybrid methods, multiple factor analysisAbstract
Demographic changes are connected with new challenges in society, culture and the economy. These changes are especially visible in big cities, where the number of older inhabitants is systematically increasing, lending importance to the discussion of the role of modern cities in the context of demographic changes. The emergence of the “age friendly city” is proof of that importance. In this paper the city is understood as a territorial product and the elderly as one of its target groups. The aim of this paper is to present how different groups understand the term “age-friendly city” and how they perceive Cracow from this perspective in comparison to other polish cities. Multiple factor analysis was used to find the answer to this question.
Downloads
References
Abdi H., Valentin D. [2007], Multiple Factor Analysis, Sage, London. Bank Danych Lokalnych, http://www.stat.gov.pl/bdl/app/strona.html?p_name=indeks (data dostępu: 3.01.2014).
Bass S., Caro F. [2001], Productive Ageing: A Conceptual Framework [w:] Productive Ageing: A Conceptual Framework, red. N.M. Howell i in., John Hopkins Press, Baltimore.
Calantone R.J., di Benedetto C.A., Hakam A., Bojanic D.C. [1989], Multiple Multinational Tourism Positioning Using Correspondence Analysis, „Journal of Travel Research”, nr 2, http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004728758902800207.
Crompton J.L. [1977], A Systems Model of the Tourist’s Destination Selection Decision Process with Particular Reference to the Role of Image and Perceived Constraints, niepublikowane, Texas A&M University, Texas.
Crompton J.L. [1979], An Assessment of the Image of Mexico as a Vacation Destination and the Influence of Geographical Location upon That Image, „Journal of Travel Research”, nr 4, http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004728757901700404.
Crompton J.L., Duray M.S. [1985], An Investigation of the Relative Efficacy of Four Alternative Approaches to Importance–Performance Analysis, „Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science”, nr 4, http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02737200.
Echtner C.M., Ritchie J.R.B. [1993]. The Measurement of Destination Image: An Empirical Assessment, „Journal of Travel Research”, nr 4, http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004728759303100402.
Florek M. [2007], Podstawy marketingu terytorialnego, Wydawnictwo Akademii Ekonomicznej w Poznaniu, Poznań.
Gartner W.C. [1989], Tourism Image: Attribute Measurement of State Tourism Products Using Multidimensional Scaling Techniques, „Journal of Travel Research”, nr 2, http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004728758902800205.
Gartnerand W.C., Hunt J.D. [1987], An Analysis of State Image Change over a Twelve-year Period (1971–1983), „Journal of Travel Research”, nr 2, http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004728758702600204.
Glińska E. [2011], Sposoby badania wizerunku miejsca, Samorząd terytorialny 11/2011.
Global Age-friendly Cities. A Guide [2007], World Health Organization, Geneva, http://site.ebrary.com/id/10214515 (data dostępu: 3.01.2014).
Groodich J.N. [1977], A New Approach to Image Analysis through Multidimensional Scaling, „Journal of Travel Research”, nr 3.
Haathi A., Yavas U. [1983], Tourists’ Perception of Finland and Selected European Countries as a Travel Destinations, „European Journal of Marketing”, nr 2.
Halicki J. [2006], Społeczne teorie starzenia się [w:] Zostawić ślad na ziemi, red. M. Halicka, J. Halicki, UWB, Białystok.
Hsu C.H.C., Wolfe K., Kang K.S. [2004], Image Assessment for a Destination with Limited Comparative Advantages, „Tourism Management”, nr 25, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0261-5177(03)00062-1.
Hunt J.D. [1975], Image as a Factor in Tourism Development, „Journal of Travel Research”, nr 3, http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004728757501300301.
Kale S.H., Weir K.M. [1986], Marketing Third World Countries to the Western Traveler: The Case of India, „Journal of Travel Research”, nr 2, http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004728758602500201.
Phelps A. [1986], Holiday Destination Image. The Problem of Assessment: An Example Developed in Menorca, „Tourism Management”, nr 7, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0261-5177(86)90003-8.
Raport o stanie marketingu miejsc (cz. 2). Marketing wizerunku, Brief for Poland [2007], red. A. Mikołajczyk, http://usfiles.us.szc.pl/pliki/plik_1264259727.pdf (data dostępu: 3.01.2014).
Reilly M.D. [1990], Free Elicitation of Descriptive Adjectives for Tourism Image Assessment, „Journal of Travel Research”, nr 4, http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004728759002800405.
Richardson S.L., Crompton J.L. [1988], Cultural Variations in Perceptions of Vacation Attributes, „Tourism Management”, nr 9, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0261-5177(88)90022-2.
Sagan A., Pilch K. [2014], Wieloraka analiza czynnikowa w wizerunkowych badaniach jakościowych, „Handel Wewnętrzny”, nr 1(348).
Sytuacja demograficzna Polski [2011], Główny Urząd Statystyczny, http://www.stat.gov.pl/Raport.pdf (data dostępu: 15.02.2014).
Szukalski P. [2006], Zagrożenie czy wyzwanie – proces starzenia się ludności, „Polityka Społeczna”, nr 9.
Tourism Canada. Pleasure Travel Markets to North America: United Kingdom [1987], Toronto.
